When the Land Stains the Sea

Where Pakistan’s coast meets the Arabian Sea, arid terrain contrasts sharply with the open waters beyond it. Sometimes the two overlap, and the land bleeds into the water.

Seawalls: Ecological effects of coastal armoring in soft sediment environments

For nearly a century, America’s coasts — particularly those with large urban populations — have been armored with human made structures such as seawalls. These structures essentially draw a line in the sand that constrains the ability of the shoreline to respond to changes in sea level and other dynamic coastal processes.